The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. Every part of the palm is usable for human needs -- food, shelter and fiber. Mature coconuts are ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 3045 cm (1218 inches) in length and 1520 cm (68 inches) in diameter. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. [49][18][61], The niu kafa form is the wild ancestral type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. In addition to its economic value as a source of food and materials, the coconut is also an important source of income for many small-scale farmers and communities. [3][4] It has also acquired religious significance in South Asian cultures, where it is used in Hindu rituals. The husks of the coconut are a source of coir, a fiber used in the production of brushes, matting, and other products. This variety of oilseeds made up over 10 percent of the sector that year. [161] It is used in horticulture in potting compost, especially in orchid mix. Severe frost is usually fatal, although they have been known to recover from temperatures of 4C (25F). Economic importance of coconut pdf. Although these numbers are modest, coconut is an important food crop in Sri Lanka in that it provides A young, well-maintained tree can produce around 300 litres (79 US gallons) of toddy per year, while a 40-year-old tree may yield around 400L (110USgal). Her articles have appeared in "Newton Magazine" and she has contributed to myriad popular books, including "Masters of Deception" and "Click: The Ultimate Photography Guide for Generation Now." Importance, Composition and Uses of Coconut - agriinfo.in In many parts of the world, the cultivation and sale of coconuts is a major source of income, especially for those living in rural areas. "The truth behind the "widespread" practice of monkeys harvesting coconuts in Thailand impacting on consumers & retailers", "Focus: Thai coconut farmers reject monkey abuse charges, suffer lost income", "Reviving the Coconut Industry of the Philippines", "Coconut faces a looming global supply shortage, but could an Australian industry crack it? Because of their soft textures, they are unsuitable for grating. [26][27] The vast majority of Cocos-like fossils have been recovered generally from only two regions in the world: New Zealand and west-central India. The fruit is adapted for ocean dispersal. Why is coconut called the Tree of Life? Choti Holi, also known as Holika Dahan, is an important Hindu festival celebrated throughout India, one day before the main Holi festival. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is the sole species of the genus Cocos belonging to the subfamily Cocoideae which includes 27 genera and 600 species.It is a diploid with 32 chromosomes (2n=32), guma', Therefore, as well as dwarf cultivars, Slightly nutty odor, tender coconut, coconut oil and processed . ; Batugal, P.; Bonnot, F. (2008). Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. World Coconut Economy: Sectoral Issues, Markets and Trade Its BRIX level is 16 [sugars] compared to 12 in sugarcane juice. Home Fruits What Is The Importance Of Coconut? Many insect pests and diseases affect the species and are a nuisance for commercial production. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Over the course of evolutionary time-scales the shifting atolls would have shortened the paths of colonization, meaning that any one coconut would not have to travel very far to find new land. Such an origin indicates that the coconuts were not introduced naturally, such as by sea currents. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. Coconut water is traditionally used as a growth supplement in plant tissue culture and micropropagation. Domesticated coconuts also have more amounts of coconut water. . [118][119], Maturity is difficult to assess on an unopened coconut, and there is no technically proven method for determining maturity. [73], The coconut palm is damaged by the larvae of many Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species which feed on it, including the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) and Batrachedra spp. The word Narali is derived from naral implying "coconut" in Marathi. 50 % of existing coconut palms have passed their economic bearing age (60 years) and are due for replanting, around 900 million coconut seedlings are required at a value of USD$ 2.7 Billion to secure a sustainable future for the global coconut estate. Because the nuts can fall from a height of 30 yards, in Southern Asia and Australia, monkeys (e.g., Malaya macaques) are trained to harvest them. Neera has a low glycemic count at 35 compared to cane sugar or sugarcane juice that has a glycemic count of 80. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization reports the top producers are the Philippines, Indonesia, Brazil, and India. In the Ilocos region of the northern Philippines, the Ilocano people fill two halved coconut shells with diket (cooked sweet rice), and place liningta nga itlog (halved boiled egg) on top of it. They can also be cooked in sugar and eaten as a dessert in the Philippines known as bukayo.[117][123][124][125][126]. They provided a portable source of both food and water, allowing Austronesians to survive long sea voyages to colonize new islands as well as establish long-range trade routes. Nevin KG. [140][141] It can also be fermented to produce a jelly-like dessert known as nata de coco. Neera is fast becoming a popular drink. [45] They are now almost ubiquitous between 26N and 26S except for the interiors of Africa and South America. [134][135] It can also be diluted into a beverage. Coconuts were first domesticated by the Austronesian peoples in Island Southeast Asia and were spread during the Neolithic via their seaborne migrations as far east as the Pacific Islands, and as far west as Madagascar and the Comoros. It is claimed that they evolved to disperse significant distances via marine currents. (2009). Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. Lately, civil wars and crop failures have driven up the EU Rotterdam coconut oil price, which has doubled during 2010-2011, nearing $2,000 per tonne, according to the UK Grocer. [131][86] Most of the fat is saturated (89%), with lauric acid being the major fatty acid. 70% of the total coconut production is for domestic consumption in most producing countries making Coconut a critical global food security crop. The fragments are dated to approximately 1000BCE, suggesting that cultivation and artificial selection of coconuts were already practiced by the Austronesian Lapita people. Coconut oil, from the seed of the palm coconut, Cocos nucifera, is highly revered in Asia as the "Tree of Life" or as the fruit of the gods. Coconut accounted for nearly 117 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy in fiscal year 2020. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." Self Magazine. Two of the pores are plugged (the "eyes"), while one is functional. The liquids inside of a coconut are available as Shredded sweetened coconut 100g 500 calories 48g carbs 43g sugar 35g fat 4. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. Coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans by South Asian, Arab, and European sailors. In the Philippines, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog (historically also called vino de coco in Spanish) or "coconut vodka". Fancy utensil can be prepare from shell. It has applications in furniture and specialized construction, as notably demonstrated in Manila's Coconut Palace. The UAE has, however, imposed strict laws on mature coconut tree imports from other countries to reduce the spread of pests to other native palm trees, as the mixing of date and coconut trees poses a risk of cross-species palm pests, such as rhinoceros beetles and red palm weevils. [21][22], Whole mature coconuts (11 to 13 months from flowering) sold for export, however, typically have the husk removed to reduce weight and volume for transport. In the Hainuwele myth from Maluku, a girl emerges from the blossom of a coconut tree. Coconut water can be fermented to produce coconut vinegar. Coconut water serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during its nuclear phase of development. [57] Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki:[68]. (2008). From here, island-hopping via coral atolls lining the Tethys Sea, potentially boosted by the ocean currents at the time, would have proved crucial to dispersal, eventually allowing ancestral coconuts to reach India. Indonesia overtook it in 2010. [130], A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno produces a large amount of jelly-like coconut meat. However, it is not native and displays a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect. Coconut oil and milk are ingredients in cooking, frying, soaps and cosmetics, and foods like margarine and popcorn. Efficient utilisation of resources: Fruit production allows for more efficient resource utilisation because it is a perennial crop, allowing growers to remain actively involved in farm operations throughout the year and to utilise all available resources and assets such as machinery, labour and land for production purposes throughout the year, as opposed to agronomic crops. What are the health benefits of coconut water? Sri Lanka is the world's fourth-largest producer of coconuts and is the second-largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 15% of the global production. Sweet coconut sap can be made into drinks or fermented into palm wine or coconut vinegar. [138] Coconut oil extracted from coconut milk or copra is also used for frying, cooking, and making margarine, among other uses.[134][139]. Coconut - Wikipedia A coconut can be hollowed out and used as a home for a rodent or small birds. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The meat may also be grated and mixed with water to make coconut milk, which is used in cooking and as a substitute for cows milk. Since these fruits are likewise high in fat, they can help your body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including vitamins A, D, E, and K. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosp Overall, unsweetened coconut meat makes a great addition to a balanced diet. However, the word cocus could also mean "cook" like coquus in Latin,[42] so Linnaeus chose Cocos directly from the Portuguese word coco instead. [107] The annual rainy season known locally as khareef or monsoon makes coconut cultivation easy on the Arabian east coast. The boiled young seedlings of Borassus flabellifer palmyra palm are edible and its fruits are eaten raw. Therefore, heavy turf grass environments (beach resorts and golf courses) also pose a major threat to local coconut trees. Malauhog (literally "mucus-like") refers to very young coconut meat (around 6 to 7 months old) which has a translucent appearance and a gooey texture that disintegrates easily. Coconut meal: Nutraceutical importance and food industry application The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. [181], Literary evidence from the Ramayana and Sri Lankan chronicles indicates that the coconut was present in the Indian subcontinent before the 1st centuryBCE. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. nana) varieties. ~It also helps to make skin softer and more supple. In foods, coconut is used in various preparations. The endocarp is around .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}4 millimetres (18 inch) thick and has three distinctive germination pores (micropyles) on the distal end. Plants are intolerant of cold weather and prefer copious precipitation, as well as full sunlight. It has a crunchy watery texture and a slightly sweet taste. Only a few of the roots penetrate deep into the soil for stability. It is most strikingly displayed in Madagascar, an island settled by Austronesian sailors at around 2000 to 1500 BP. [82][78][83] Other manual methods to make climbing easier include using a system of pulleys and ropes; using pieces of vine, rope, or cloth tied to both hands or feet; using spikes attached to the feet or legs; or attaching coconut husks to the trunk with ropes. According to the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, the coconut and African oil palms have important roles in international trade as sources of vegetable oil and fat. According to epidemiological research published in 1981, a group of Polynesians for whom coconut represented 60% of the daily diet had no evidence of heart disease or hypercholesterolemia, despite the high lauric and myristic acid intake. These allow the fruits to be more buoyant and makes it easier for them to lodge into sandy shorelines, making their shape ideal for ocean dispersal. Dried copra gives 60 to 67% oil and 33-40% oil cake. The endocarp is initially filled with a multinucleate liquid endosperm (the coconut water). It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. However, the locations of the admixture events are limited to Madagascar and coastal east Africa, and exclude the Seychelles. The hard shells, fibrous husks and long pinnate leaves can be used as material to make a variety of products for furnishing and decoration. Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. Three countries were chosen from the nine as focus countries for implementation: Guyana, Jamaica and Dominican Republic. Economic welfare can be evaluated through consumer surplus and producer surplus. [118][119] Another method is to shake the coconut. The fruit, meat, water, and milk of the coconut are all widely consumed as part of the diet in many parts of the world. [33], Coconuts are susceptible to the phytoplasma disease, lethal yellowing. [1] Coconut timber comes from the trunk, and is increasingly being used as an ecologically sound substitute for endangered hardwoods. Apart from its economic importance, the environmental and . Dried coconut is also used as the filling for many chocolate bars. Rich in fiber and MCTs, it may offer a number of benefits, including improved heart health, weight loss, and digestion. It allows toxins to be thrown out of stomach. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. Both the exocarp and the mesocarp make up the "husk" of the coconut, while the endocarp makes up the hard coconut "shell". Coconut palms are hard to establish in dry climates, and cannot grow there without frequent irrigation; in drought conditions, the new leaves do not open well, and older leaves may become desiccated; fruit also tends to be shed. Overall, the coconut fruit is an important economic resource that has a wide range of uses and contributes significantly to local and global economies. The edible white, fleshy part of the seed (the endosperm) is known as the "coconut meat", "coconut flesh", or "coconut kernel. The day is recognized as the beginning of the joyful, colourful Holi celebrations and is seen as a symbolic triumph of good over evil. The player buys some small balls which are then thrown as hard as possible at coconuts balanced on sticks. Decayed roots are replaced regularly as the tree grows new ones. The natural planting, harvesting, and processing of coconuts along with its tropical climate makes for perfect growth conditions of this tropical delicacy. They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. Miami gets a boost by hosting Greenwich Economic Forum | Miami Herald [1] The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut")[2] can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut. Improves hair health: Eating or applying coconut oil in your hair stimulates hair growth, prevents hair breakage and split ends. Stem Aerial, erect, unbranched and columnar, having prominent scars of leaf bases. Its fruits are similar to the coconut, but smaller. While comparable to sports drinks, which can be loaded with added sugars and flavorings, coconut water is low in calories and carbs. The coconut palm is an important crop in many tropical countries, providing food products and raw materials for industries (Jones, 1991). : B.arenosella, B.atriloqua (feeds exclusively on C.nucifera), B.mathesoni (feeds exclusively on C.nucifera), and B. Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Learn how and when to remove this template message, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks, Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, "Rise in coconut yield, farming area put India on top", "How Long Does It Take for a Coconut Tree to Get Coconuts? Hearts of palm are eaten in salads, sometimes called "millionaire's salad". Economic importance of coconut fruit. Botanical description and They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Many of the smallest coral islands in the Florida Keys are known to have abundant coconut palms sprouting from coconuts that have drifted or been deposited by ocean currents. 2022 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. The tender nut supplies coconut water, a popular thirst quencher of health and hygienic value. [49][50], Genetic studies of coconuts have also confirmed pre-Columbian populations of coconuts in Panama in South America. Its development would . They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. This, together with their use of the South American sweet potato, suggests that Austronesian peoples may have sailed as far east as the Americas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division. (1992). Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. [6] On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30. nuciferae. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. [95], The practice of using macaques to harvest coconuts was exposed in Thailand by the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in 2019, resulting in calls for boycotts on coconut products. Elvira is known for her creative approach to cuisine, and her passion for teaching others about the culinary arts. Importance of Coconut: The coconut palm is one of the most beautiful and useful trees in the world, grown in more than 80 countries of the tropical. THE COCONUT INDUSTRY REVOLUTIONISES - Guyana Chronicle Specimens have been collected from the sea as far north as Norway (but it is not known where they entered the water). "It made sense" to bring the affair to . Coconut fruits float readily and have been dispersed widely by ocean currents and by humans throughout the tropics. Apart from the importance of copra and coconut oil which is widely used in the manufacture of soaps, hair oil, cosmetics and other value-added & industrial products, its husk is a source offibrewhich supports a sizable coir industry. Theyre mostly green until they fully mature. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. economic importance of coconut Riung Wangi III No.53, Bandung, West Java, Subscribe with your email address to receive pricelist and updates. Adsule, and S.S. Kadam. Economics of Coconut Oil; Just Change Trust; 2006; Bangalore, India. Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. It provides the hair with natural shine and softness. Narali Purnima is celebrated on a full moon day which usually signifies the end of monsoon season in India. Economic Importance of Coconut | PDF - scribd.com [10], True-to-type dwarf varieties of Pacific coconuts have been cultivated by the Austronesian peoples since ancient times. A hard shell encloses the embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. Palm. [145] They can also be processed to extract palm sugar. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. Freshly shredded mature coconut meat, known as "grated coconut", "shredded coconut", or "coconut flakes", is used in the extraction of coconut milk.