But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. The nobility was forced into bonds, legal agreements that they would act as the King wanted or be fined. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. Royal Collection Trust At the summit, even dinnerware testified to its owner's status. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . [22] Thus, anyone who had fought for Richard against him would be guilty of treason and Henry could legally confiscate the lands and property of Richard III, while restoring his own. [citation needed] Henry also formed an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (14931519) and persuaded Pope Innocent VIII to issue a papal bull of excommunication against all pretenders to Henry's throne. [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. In 1622 Francis Bacon published his History of the Reign of King Henry VII. The 6 Main Achievements of Henry VII | History Hit Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? There he claimed sanctuary until the envoys were forced to depart. Celebrating the release of The Colour of Bone A London Charnel House. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The insurrections fronted by the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck emerged from wide and formidable networks of conspiracy that drew in foreign rulers and leading English magnates, and infiltrated Henry's court. Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, Religion, Death, & Facts I had an idea Henry VII was a force for stability; in fact he was a terrifying kleptocrat, abusing the law with arbitrary fines and imprisonment, scheming to effectively steal entire estates and wring every penny out of subjects as well as impose political control through financial means. Happy St Davids Day! Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. [34], When the King's agents searched the property of William Stanley (Chamberlain of the Household, with direct access to Henry VII) they found a bag of coins amounting to around 10,000 and a collar of livery with Yorkist garnishings. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Henry VII, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry VII, Henry VII - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry VII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Elizabeth had died in childbirth, so Henry had the dispensation also permit him to marry Catherine himself. He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. After winning the throne of England, he wed Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of the dead Yorkist king Edward IV. Henry VII: Winter King was aired last night on BBC2 and was the latest programme in BBC2s Tudor Court Season. During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. Some of them have more to say than Penn about the constructive sides of the reign, which developed the state-building methods of his Yorkist predecessors. The marriage between Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon would be the culmination of everything that Henry VII had fought for at the Battle of Bosworth, so in 1501 there was a fortnight of marriage celebrations and London was in a carnival mood. He likens the beginning of Henry VIIIs reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. Thomas More hailed the end of "slavery" and the return of "liberty", "the end of sadness, the beginning of joy". He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. The rebellion began in Ireland, where the historically Yorkist nobility, headed by the powerful Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, proclaimed Simnel king and provided troops for his invasion of England. [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. If you are new the era, this wouldn't the first book I would pick up because it does flip flop around a bit in the beginning-but if you want to understand the players that ultimately have a significant impact on Henry VIII, this is the book for you. He would learn better as the new reign unfolded. Then in 1491 appeared a still more serious menace: Perkin Warbeck, coached by Margaret to impersonate Richard, the younger son of Edward IV. Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France. She was Edward's heir since the presumed death of her brothers, the Princes in the Tower, King Edward V and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York. He spent most of the next 14 years under the protection of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. How did a precariously enthroned ruler, lacking a police force or a standing army, manage to run roughshod over the law? So 4 stars. Henry marries Catherine of Aragon. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England by Thomas Penn - review Henrys Chamber Accounts show payment to strangers and people across the sea, who appear to have been part of a network of spies and informers who kept an eye on potential troublemakers and alerted the King. He was the first Tudor king after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485. Updates? Thus, the two warring houses were joined in marriage. ||sitemap_index.xml Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England - Goodreads Henry VII is actually a less familiar figure, despite being the same person. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. He was supported in this effort by his chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, whose "Morton's Fork" was a catch-22 method of ensuring that nobles paid increased taxes: those nobles who spent little must have saved much, and thus could afford the increased taxes; in contrast, those nobles who spent much obviously had the means to pay the increased taxes. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. [20] He amassed an army of about 5,0006,000 soldiers. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. In turn, Antwerp became an extremely important trade entrept (transshipment port), through which, for example, goods from the Baltic, spices from the east and Italian silks were exchanged for English cloth. The Treaty of Redon was signed in February 1489 between Henry and representatives of Brittany. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. This book is a nonfiction look at King Henry the VII. When Henry VIII and Francis I Spent $19 Million on the Field of Cloth [31] Despite such precautions, Henry faced several rebellions over the next twelve years. Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. [54], Henry VII was much enriched by trading alum, which was used in the wool and cloth trades as a chemical fixative for dyeing fabrics. Consultant editor for the. 1509. When Henry VIII Wrestled the King of Franceand Lost But definitely rewarding! Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube Hence, the king was plagued with conspiracies until nearly the end of his reign. The reigns of his three predecessors were interrupted or foreshortened. Not only was . Coinage of Henry VII of England | Mintage World Henry VIII was the first English king to be called "Your Majesty.". There's a lot of cloak-and-dagger stuff here, something Henry and certain of his counselors seemed especially skilled at, and it was those parts that I particularly enjoyed. That was to prevent the King of France capturing him and letting him loose on the English as a rival. In 1494, Henry embargoed trade (mainly in wool) with the Burgundian Netherlands in retaliation for Margaret of Burgundy's support for Perkin Warbeck. [45], Henry VII established the pound avoirdupois as a standard of weight; it later became part of the Imperial[46] and customary systems of units. My obsession is European history from the 12th through 17th centuries - especially British history - so of course, when I was offered the chance to review this book, my interest was piqued immediately. The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. I really enjoyed it. Henry showed remarkable clemency to the surviving rebels: he pardoned Kildare and the other Irish nobles, and he made the boy, Simnel, a servant in the royal kitchen where he was in charge of roasting meats on a spit. ||Wordpress installation and design by http://www.MadeGlobal.com, FREE Anne Boleyn The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. [citation needed] John Cabot, originally from Genoa and Venice, had heard that ships from Bristol had discovered uncharted new found territory far west of Ireland. Both parties realised they were mutually disadvantaged by the reduction in commerce. The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? Stanley was accused of supporting Warbeck's cause, arrested and later executed. Warbeck was finally captured in 1497 and executed. Read all Directors Giulia Clark Stuart Elliott Writers Claiming the throne by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, he was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. 1845. Sophia Money-Coutts: Sensitivity readers don't want Henry VIII to be His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. He invited artists, musicians and scholars to live at his court. Henry VIII Books livestream YouTube 18 February 2023, February 13 A queen and her lady-in-waiting are beheaded. Letters to relatives have an affectionate tone not captured by official state business, as evidenced by many written to his mother Margaret. The whole system was ingeniously designed to ensure the unchallenged supremacy of the king while stamping out any challenges to his authority from the nobles, merchants, and commons. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. Henry VII, also called (1457-85) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (1485-1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. Historians debate the extent of Henry's rapacity. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Famed British author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. "[73] Further compounding Henry's distress, his older daughter Margaret had previously been betrothed to King James IV of Scotland and within months of her mother's death she had to be escorted to the border by her father: he would never see her again. Philip had been shipwrecked on the English coast, and while Henry's guest, was bullied into an agreement so favourable to England at the expense of the Netherlands that it was dubbed the Malus Intercursus ("evil agreement"). Reading this, I got a much better understanding of where Henry VIII came from, and why he was destined to be the colorful ruler he became, as an antidote to his own father. But, his enemies didnt agree. More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate. Elizabeth married Henry after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, which marked the end of the Wars of the Roses. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. This is why he named the book the "Winter King". This was excellent. But that's not really what I wanted from a book about Henry VII. It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king. In other cases, he brought his over-powerful subjects to heel by decree. [70] Henry VII falls among the minority of British monarchs that never had any known mistresses, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son Henry was the only male heir left after the death of his wife, thus the death of Arthur created a precarious political position for the House of Tudor. With Elizabeth's death, the possibilities for such family indulgences greatly diminished. The devastated King became so ill that he was close to death, but then he recovered and Penn explains that when he took control once more, he was remorseless. of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. [26] Henry married Elizabeth of York with the hope of uniting the Yorkist and Lancastrian sides of the Plantagenet dynastic disputes, and he was largely successful. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England. Hidden under the floor in St George's Chapel in Windsor, England where thousands of people walk every day, a forgotten tomb lies. Penn is not one to understate a case. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. [67], Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything. Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. He was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, and his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville brought together the too sides that were facing off during the Wars of the Roses (the Lancasters and the Yorks) basically uniting the two houses into a single family. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. [62], Henry VII used justices of the peace on a large, nationwide scale. We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. [25][80], Historians have always compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, especially Louis XI of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon. [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. Henry VII was also shown, but his black line just traced back to Owen Tudor, a chamber servant. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard III as a usurper. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. Here is a rundown of the programme for those who missed it. His early reign was plagued by pretenders to the throne, giving the new Tudor dynasty a rocky start and a fear of conspiracy which dogged Henry VII throughout his life. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. Years of instability, factionalism and his predecessors' penchant for war had seen royal finances severely battered. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. In 1407, Henry IV, Gaunt's son by his first wife, issued new Letters Patent confirming the legitimacy of his half-siblings but also declaring them ineligible for the throne. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard IIIs elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard IIIs heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. I don't read a lot of NF because I usually find it to be tedious, but The Winter King certainly wasn't that. Corrections? 1517. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". Poor Henry VII. After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. To strengthen his position, however, he subsidised shipbuilding, so strengthening the navy (he commissioned Europe's first ever and the world's oldest surviving dry dock at Portsmouth in 1495) and improving trading opportunities. You can find out more on the conflicts between England and France, the Wars of the Roses and also the Tudors in our history courses. This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. The King, normally a reserved man who rarely showed much emotion in public unless angry, surprised his courtiers by his intense grief and sobbing at his son's death, while his concern for the Queen is evidence that the marriage was a happy one, as is his reaction to Queen Elizabeth's death the following year, when he shut himself away for several days, refusing to speak to anyone. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. His father, Henry VII, was a cold, calculating man (he wasn't called "the Winter King" for nothing), a greedy monarch who during his last years on the throne had squeezed every last drop. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. [56] This trade made an expensive commodity cheaper, which raised opposition from Pope Julius II, since the Tolfa mine was a part of papal territory and had given the Pope monopoly control over alum. I am glad to say that I think it does, for it concentrates on the reign, and court, of Henry VII, giving a different slant to the well known story. On one side of the coin, instead of a profile of his face, there was a full length depiction of Henry sat on his throne with his crown and sceptre. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. Henry was the only child of Edmund Tudor , Earl of Richmond , and Margaret Beaufort . [32], Next, in 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy they claimed to be Edward of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower). Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace Henry reigned for nearly 24 years and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII.
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