-The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. A Brief History of the Microcomputer - TurboFuture To protect it from earthquakes, the building housing it was built using a seismic isolation system that used rubber supports. workstations. Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. It presents an approach to the technology and the implementation prOblem, documented with information about specific transit applica-tions. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. Thousands of software titles were released over the lifespan of the C64 and by the time it was discontinued in 1993, it had sold more than 22 million units. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. An electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can: 1. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. One major advance in programming was Wilkes' use of a library of short programs, called subroutines, stored on punched paper tapes and used for performing common repetitive calculations within a lager program. Originally a joint project with IBM and Microsoft, OS/2 is know maintained by IBM, and was a competitive product to the various MS Windows programs. Hundreds of allied bombes were built in order to determine the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. The Programma 101 could do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as calculate square roots. A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. One biblical scholar even used a Univac 1 to compile a concordance to the King James version of the Bible. [3] IBM SSEC, became operational in January 1948 but was electromechanical [22] What is the function of an IEP generator? Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? The Manchester Mark I used more than 1,300 vacuum tubes and occupied an area the size of a medium room. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? Spinning at 12,500 rpm, the 650s magnetic data-storage drum allowed much faster access to stored information than other drum-based machines. Demand called for more than 12,000 of the 1401 computers, and the machines success made a strong case for using general-purpose computers rather than specialized systems. Completed in 1951, Whirlwind remains one of the most important computer projects in the history of computing. True/False B. An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. Cameras would become a significant part of most phones within a year, and several countries have even passed laws regulating their use. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). The NBS also built the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis on the UCLA campus. This free, public set of lectures inspired the EDSAC, BINAC, and, later, IAS machine clones like the AVIDAC. Reduced instruction set computers (RISC) grow out of the observation that the simplest 20 percent of a computers instruction set does 80 percent of the work. Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet What do sites such as edshelf, Learning List, What Works Clearinghouse, EdSurge Product Index, and Common Sense Education help teachers with? The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. To reduce its size, the traditional hard drive was replaced with a solid-state disk, the first mass-market computer to do so. Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet Computers | Timeline of Computer History | Computer History Museum The design packed 800 vacuum tubes into a relatively compact 12 square feet. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. mainframe computer. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. Level. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. The Pentium introduced several advances that made programs run faster such as the ability to execute several instructions at the same time and support for graphics and music. Curt Herzstark was an Austrian engineer who worked in his familys manufacturing business until he was arrested by the Nazis in 1943. Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machines light-sensitive drum to a paper original isnt the only way to create an image. This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. Microsoft founded - HISTORY Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. Information Management System Chapter 3 Quiz - CourseBB SWTPC introduces many computer kits based on the Motorola 6800, and later, the 6809. In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. It has pre-programmed curricular material. Lenovo, China's largest manufacturer of PCs, purchased IBM's personal computer business in 2005, largely to gain access to IBM's ThinkPad line of computers and sales force. Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. Total Cards. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. The 1973 Wang 2200 makes it a successful computer company, too. [21] The first stored-program computers [ edit] Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. microcomputer, an electronic device with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). Get started for free! In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. Over 30 were completed, including one delivered to Australia. Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. Dropout rates are higher in online courses. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. effects of word processing on students' handwriting. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. PDF DOCUMENT RESUME - ed With a distinctive anodized aluminum case, and hailed as the first true 64-bit personal computer, the Apple G5 is the most powerful Macintosh ever released to that point. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. Twitter is an example of which web-based collaboration resource? Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. any combo of hardware or software designed to provide services to us. What was the first computer software and how was it made? The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. During World War II, the US Navy approaches the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about building a flight simulator to train bomber crews. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? Which of the following is one strategy often used in online courses to ensure academic integrity? The C64, as it is better known, sells for $595, comes with 64 KB of RAM and features impressive graphics. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. Many companies have attempted to release electronic reading systems dating back to the early 1990s. Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. The Simon 1 used relay logic and cost about $600 to build. The Pi weighed only 45 grams and initially sold for only $25-$35 U.S. In 1987, the year after Microsoft went public, 31-year-old Gates became the world's youngest billionaire. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. What is a distinguishing feature of instructional software? What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? Apple had initially included a handle in their Macintosh computers to encourage users to take their Macs on the go, though not until five years after the initial introduction does Apple introduce a true portable computer. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Zojirushi Micom Electric Rice Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? The upgraded and faster Tianhe-1A used Intel Xeon CPUs as well, but switched to nVidia's Tesla GPUs and added more than 2,000 Fei-Tang (SPARC-based) processors. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. Its Williams-Kilburn tube memory system was later adopted by several other early computer systems around the world. It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology. Microsoft Windows | History, Versions, & Facts | Britannica The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. The Video Display Module (VDM) marks the first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers. Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). It was transferred to the Department of Physics at the University of Melbourne in 1955 and remained in service until 1964. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. The first stored-program computer to be built in continental Europe was the MESM, completed in the Soviet Union in 1950. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. For many business users, quick access to this huge storage capability outweighed its relatively slow processing speed. The ABC was at the center of a patent dispute related to the invention of the computer, which was resolved in 1973 when it was shown that ENIAC co-designer John Mauchly had seen the ABC shortly after it became functional. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. most important part of computer. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. The IBM PC-RT had 1 MB of RAM, a 1.2-megabyte floppy disk drive, and a 40 MB hard drive. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer.