1 OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY 48 RETHINKING GENDER Can science help us navigate the shifting land-scape of gender identity? Welcome to myNGconnect, your one-stop portal for online materials available with your favorite National Geographic Learning instructional programs. When does spring start? Learn more about how our Explorers around the world are helping secure fragile ecosystems for future generations to come. National Geographic on LinkedIn: How science is helping us understand According to the National Geographic article, "How Science is Helping Us Understand Gender," gender is made up of which of the following: Gender identity, biological sex, and sexual orientation Vaughan indicated that she used a snowball sampling method to find her informants. Inspiring people to care about the planet! Understanding this can help us better parent our children, whether they conform to gender expectations or not. Its possible to be XX and mostly male in terms of anatomy, physiology, and psychology, just as its possible to be XY and mostly female. A team led by Kristina Olson, PhD, associate professor of psychology at the University of Washington in Seattle, reported in Pediatrics(2016) and Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry(2017) that well-supported transgender kids had similar feelings of self-worth and rates of depression to age-matched control kids, and only slightly higher rates of anxiety. How science is helping us understand gender Freed from the binary of boy and girl, gender identity is a shifting landscape. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? I dont relate to what people would say defines a girl or a boy, Miley Cyrus told Out magazine in 2015, when she was 22, and I think thats what I had to understand: Being a girl isnt what I hate; its the box that I get put into.. They will also point to the fact that gender dysphoria is actually a medical diagnosis. Jossie lives in a village about an hour from the capital, Apia. national geographic how science is helping us understand gender I remember thinking I must be a real freak if even my parents hadnt been able to tell me the truth.. (Medical News Today, Tim Newman, March 2016) Gender expression: Not always aligned with gender identity, What may seem most confusing at first is the notion that how you express your gender may not even match your gender identity. 0. Aboriginal Feminism and Gender. Can we bring a species back from the brink? There are so many reasons why geography is still a vital part of the curriculum. She plays down its significance: I was no less of a woman before it, and Im no more of one today.. Indeed, among the faafafine Vasey introduced me to, several have taken siblings children under their wing. 334 0 obj <> endobj 370 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<31EA1A48211B4C6DAADD765539635277><5D2F81DAC1A04E2190F3F47FDC27A3DB>]/Index[334 72]/Info 333 0 R/Length 141/Prev 90077/Root 335 0 R/Size 406/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream GEOGRAPHY. Dating app Tinder has about 40. Just as significantly, millennials (defined as people age 18-34) who identify as cisgender and straight display far greater acceptance of those who are gender-diverse than do older generations: in the large Jan. 2015 Fusion Survey of Millennials, a whopping 50% of all respondents said they believe that gender is a spectrum., The medical/scientific establishment, increasingly, is agreeing with millennials that gender is a spectrum, and quite a wide one. Mental health professionals would point out that thousands of us will, at one point or more in our lives, struggle to find our identity: indeed, this search for identity is at the crux of many a couch session between a therapist and a patient seeking psychological counseling for a host of mental issues, including depression and anxiety. Today Emmie says, When we were 12, I didnt feel like a boy, but I didnt know it was possible to be a girl. At 17 Emmie came out as transgender, and recently she underwent gender-confirmation surgery. Faafafine children generally take on girls roles in play and family. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. There is a direct positive correlation between family support and positive psychological outcomes for transgender and non-binary individuals.. However, while gender may begin with the assignment of sex, it doesnt end there. #GenderRevolution https://lnkd.in/dwYE6R9, National Geographic, please stop with the abomination of promoting child abuse (your most recent cover) - hiding under the guise of science. For instance, some men are born with two or three X chromosomes, just as some women are born with a Y chromosome. How different it might be if E lived where a formal role existed that was neither man nor woman but something in betweena role that constitutes another gender. But on occasion, XX and XY dont tell the whole story. Not according to biology or history. In this village they dont really like the fafa style, said Angie, who emerged from the house she shares with Jossie wearing nothing but a long skirt, called a lavalava, tied at the waist. The above excerpt is from Robin Marantz Henig's article in the January 2017 issue of National Geographic called "Gender Revolution: How Science Is Helping Us Understand Gender." (Note: The introduction signals that the argument analyzed contrasts the ideas of two other thinkers.) Heres why each season begins twice. What Science Has to Say About Gender Identity. Imagine a World Where Gender Is Neither a Plus nor a Minus, The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? Beyond He and She (Time, May 2017) "Robert Michael Murray is one of the best digital strategists I have ever encountered. A primary reason to still have a diagnostic category in the DSM-5 is that it allows for insurance coverage for individuals seeking support around their transition process, including letters of support required for medical transition. She goes on to explain that, There is no psychological issue inherent to transgender or non-binary identities; however, many individuals struggle with depression, anxiety, suicidality and other emotional challenges due to rejection from their families and community. He was heading off to college a few months after our conversation, getting ready to start taking testosterone. Genetics defines the sex of an individual: women have 46 chromosomes including two Xs and men have 46 including an X and a Y. His choice in clothing doesnt change his gender identity; it simply means that he prefers (at least some of the time) to wear clothing that society typically associates with girls., One final distinction to make is the difference between gender and sexual orientation, which are often incorrectly thought to be the same thing. Select Accept to consent or Reject to decline non-essential cookies for this use. This position requires a high level of technical . 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey National Geographic - YouTube When Massachusetts twins Caleb (left) and Emmie (right) Smith were born in 1998, it was hard to tell them apart. Each embryo starts out with a pair of primitive organs, the proto-gonads, that develop into male or female gonads at about six to eight weeks. For Princesses, the Question Remains: Whos the Fairest? Unauthorized use is prohibited. Sex and Gender: What Is the Difference? Young people such as Macks daughter, or Charlie Spiegel of California, or E of New York City, must make biological decisions that will affect their health and happiness for the next 50 years. question : After reading the article "How Science Is Helping Us Habitats - National Geographic Charliea member of the Youth Council at Gender Spectrum, a national support and advocacy group for transgender and nonbinary teenswent through a process of trial and error similar to that described by other gender-questioning teens. hb```e``:"%J@ (MaK1piF'ie,wIfrW'2 ]_&00w4 +Uttt1y)@ (15"xah|b|* :.`m Jn"0M_n"Qh %ln;.T$?XFn@20ZifpQ% O >= endstream endobj 335 0 obj <>/Metadata 32 0 R/Pages 332 0 R/StructTreeRoot 63 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 336 0 obj <. https://lnkd.in/eQD7J4VU, On this weeks episode of The Soul of MusicOverheard, Nat Geo Explorer and musician Meklit Hadero joins Nat Geo Explorer and wildlife cinematographer Jahawi Bertolli to discuss the intersection of nature, migration, and music. Gender/sex diversity beliefs: Scale construction, validation, and links Article: Women and Migration: Incorporating Gender.. | migrationpolicy.org Although the male/female split is often seen as binary, this is not scientifically accurate. But when the identity struggle includes the search for a different gender identity, the struggle takes on a different level of complication. Similarly, in National Geographic's article, How Science Helps Us Understand Gender Identity, gender is defined as "an amalgamation of several elements: chromosomes (those X's and Y's), anatomy (internal sex organs and external genitals), hormones (relative levels of testosterone and estrogen), psychology (self-defined gender identity . When asked, additionally, about their sexual orientation, 12% identified as LGBQQA (lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning, asexual) or something else, versus 88% who identified as straight/heterosexual. Special Issue: Gender Revolution - National Geographic These persistent pools of liquid lava may help scientists better understand how to read volcano signals and patterns. A second possibility is the kin selection hypothesisthe idea that the time and money that same-sex-attracted males devote to nurturing their nieces and nephews make it more likely that the nieces and nephews will pass some of their DNA down to the next generation. Both English and Sasha were injured. Almost instantly the gloom lifted. This edited book provides an overview of gender studies within geography by several feminist geographers. VIEWS. How science is helping us understand gender - Magazine Journeys in Film created a guide that can help parents and educators better understand and discuss . By seventh grade he told his friends; by eighth grade he told his parents. Yep, that sounds like me, Charlie thought as he read it. While this may at first seem confusing, understand that many in the scientific community would say that sex should be considered a continuum as opposed to two mutually exclusive categories. (For more on how science can help us understand gender identity, see the January 2017 issue of National Geographic). Researchers estimate that genetics contributes 42 to 79 percent of the risk for cocaine use and dependence. When Imperato-McGinley first went to the Dominican Republic, she told me, newly sprouted males were suspect and had to prove themselves more emphatically than other boys did, with impromptu rituals involving blades, before they were accepted as real men. Erica is now transitioning to Eric, an inconceivable option for him a generation ago. First, the aforementioned societal and cultural factors exert a huge and complex influence. That means a life filled with day-to-day technological advancesand a new way of thinking about school, work, and retirement. During his tenure at National Geographic Society, I watched him challenge the status quo and push products . All rights reserved, download our discussion guide for teachers and parents. Facebook, with its 1 billion users, has about 60 options for users gender. Sr. Information Security Engineer at Zwift | JobEka.lk View HowScienceIsHelpingUsUnderstandGender.pdf from SOC 101.00 at CUNY Hunter College. She was raised as a girl, always aware of her special situation. Is she the girl she believes herself to be? If the child reaches age 16 and decides he or she is not transgender after all, the effects of puberty suppression are thought to be reversible: The child stops taking the blockers and matures in the birth sex. As Gender Spectrum explains, expectations around gender expression are so rigid [that] we frequently assume that what someone wears, or how they move, talk, or express themselves, tells us something about their gender identity. PDF RACIAL AND GENDER IDENTITIES - Stanford University Rather than reveal what the operation really was for, her parents agreed that the doctors would invent imaginary ovaries that were precancerous and had to be removed. How science is helping us understand gender nationalgeographic.com 125 . Paid content for DHL. If you now grasp that sex, even based purely on biology, cannot always be seen only as binary, ones gender is made up of an even more expansive, multi-faceted set of characteristics, because gender factors in social and cultural aspects of how people are perceived, treated, or told to behave. Charlie Spiegel, 17, tried using they for a while, but now prefers he. Charlie was assigned female at birth. Science, like any creative endeavor, works best when people of different backgrounds are at the table. Days after these photos were taken, two gangs doused everyone there and all their belongings with gasoline and set them on fire. Her mother, Jane, was struggling too, trying to make it safe for E to be neither typically feminine nor typically masculine. Jonathan, eight, has identified as both a boy and a girl at the same time since age two and a half. This doesnt mean theres such a thing as a male or female brain, exactly. These animals can sniff it out. How do children, teens, even young adults really know that their true identity is different than the sex they were assigned at birth? As Inge Hansen, PsyD, points out, transgender and non-binary individuals face legal discrimination, such as bathroom bills, and they experience much higher rates of sexual assault, violence, and murder than their cisgender peers. These individuals often also have to deal with family and peer rejection, employment discrimination, and lack of access to appropriate medical care. National Geographic on LinkedIn: How science is helping us understand Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development - Jane L. Parpart 2000 Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development demytsifies the theory of In general terms, sex refers to the biological differences between males and females, such as the genitalia and genetic differences. Henig's Perspective on the Gender Revolution. I met a dozen or so faafafine last summer, when I traveled to Samoa at the invitation of psychology professor Paul Vasey, who believes the Samoan faafafine are among the most well-accepted third gender on Earth. The science is still young in this area, but research in neurology, endocrinology, and cellular biology points to a broader biological basis for an individuals experience of gender. A slender person with a half-shaved head, turquoise streaks in her blond hair, and cute hipster glasses, Brooks recently finished a masters degree at the City University of New York in disability studies and hopes eventually to create safer spaces for people who are gender nonconforming (which she defines quite broadly) and also have autism. When asked about the increase in Stanfords gender-diverse population, Inge Hansen, PsyD, states: This number is growing and I believe it will continue to grow not because there are actually more gender-diverse people all of a sudden, but rather because greater trans visibility and greater trans acceptance allows more people to acknowledge their true gender identity as well as express their gender more authentically. (Vasey is 50; Ioelu is 38.) Young people who may not feel precisely like a boy or a girl might opt to refer to themselves with a gender-neutral pronoun like they., The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? In a podcast that aired two years after that, Mack reported that her transgender daughter, age six, loves being a girl probably more than any girl youve ever met., Vilain alienates some transgender activists by saying that not every childs I wish I were a girl needs to be encouraged. More fraught than the question about puberty blockers is the one about whether too many young children, at too early an age, are being encouraged to socially transition in the first place. Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and audiovisual, that enable users to access, store, transmit, understand and . January 2017 issue of National Geographic magazine. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Why wetlands are so critical for life on Earth, Rest in compost? Gender Spectrum Senior Product Manager - Private Markets (Remote) This story has been republished on October 22, 2018 in light of the Trump administration's attempt to limit the concept of gender to female and male, excluding those who feel this is an inadequate . Four years ago while watching a TV interview of a transgender girl, both Corey Maison (on trampoline) and mother Erica (seated) realized they are transgender. Youve probably heard a lot of stories like Es recently. Tall, broad-shouldered, with an open, handsome face, he favored the same clothingcargo shorts and T-shirtsthat Vasey wore. Vilain said hed like parents to take a step back and remind the boy that he can do all sorts of things that girls do, but that doesnt mean he is a girl. And sometimes people who are born with the chromosomes and genitals of one sex realize that they are transgender, meaning they have an internal gender identity that aligns with the opposite sexor even, occasionally, with neither gender or with no gender at all. Race (human categorization) - Wikipedia Lee, Jennifer, and Frank Bean. The baby looks female, with a clitoris and vagina, and in most cases will grow up feeling herself to be a girl. As transgender issues become the fare of daily newsCaitlyn Jenners announcement that she is a trans woman, legislators across the United States arguing about who gets to use which bathroomscientists are making their own strides, applying a variety of perspectives to investigate what being transgender is all about. Here are just a few: 1. Post author: Post published: junho 14, 2022; Post category: pc1200 battery cross reference; Post comments: . When she was four, Trinity Xavier Skeye almost completely stopped talking, started chewing on her boy clothes, and said she wanted to cut off her penis. Or it might show up on the X chromosome, leading to an XX embryo that does develop male anatomy and is identified at birth as a boy. Vasey is now investigating two hypotheses that might explain the evolutionary paradox of male same-sex sexuality. She no longer feels discriminated against. A father and photographer captured the lives of men like him, who split parental leave duties with their wives under Swedens generous policy. Emily Brooks, 27, has autism and labels herself nonbinary, though she has kept her birth name. The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations. What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? The degree to which third genders are accepted varies, but the category usually includes anatomical males who behave in a feminine manner and are sexually attracted to men, and almost never to other third-gender individuals. Im comfortable with my differences, she says. PDF (PDF) National Geographic Learning Reader Gender Roles A Cross Cultural Transgender people are at extremely high risk to be bullied, to be sexually assaulted, or to attempt suicide. Yet these decisions run headlong into the maelstrom of fluctuating gender norms. Studying geography helps us to have an awareness of a place. But people todayespecially young peopleare questioning not just the gender they were assigned at birth but also the gender binary itself.
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