You capitalize state only when it follows the name of the state, as in New York State is also called the Empire State, or when its part of a traditional name for a state, like Empire State or Lone Star State. When it precedes the name of the state, dont capitalize the word unless its part of a title of . Lowercase to when it functions in an infinitive. Otherwise, the word should be lowercased, as in "the god of war.". Each morning, the sun rises in the east . Should north East south West be capitalized? Names of gods are capitalized, including Allah, Vishnu, and God. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. CMOS looks at what a large relevant tranche of people do; this ultimately defines what is acceptable. Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the southern food in Tennessee. The name of a theatrical play, but this is also a conventional geographical region that would be capitalized anyway. APA Style 6th Edition Blog: Do I Capitalize This Word? Q. Debating with an editor over capitalization of the word bicentennial. 3. Did the Allman Brothers Band play southern rock or Southern rock? Thank you. . In other words, when the word "region" is a part of a name or is being specific in its meaning, the word is capitalized. The Department provided an initial list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had three or four letters, which was still too long. The key factor here is that were using these words descriptively (i.e., to specify the direction or location of something), not to name something. This confusion can also be attributed to the fact that certain region names have direction names in their official names, such as "the Middle East". Alternatively, some style guide suggest that all of the main words (i.e. If youre referring to the Western States, for example, youre referring to a group of proper nouns. So: North Carolina is north of South Carolina and east of West Virginia. Dates. However, if you use the word southern instead of a general location, such as the southern winds, the word should be lowercase. That means that official names of departments and units should be capitalized and not when referring to just a type of department or unit. The same rule applies for specific regions when you add -ern onto the end of a direction. The water and land global areas are further divided into subregions bounded by huge geographical features influencing large-scale ecologies. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '809ac5c4-ef90-4489-8311-03d2c90632ee', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); Topics: If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. The image of a Southern belle is often characterized by fashion elements such as a hoop skirt, a corset, pantalettes, a wide-brimmed straw hat, and gloves. Similarly, the European Union is an assortment of multiple countries. How to tell which packages are held back due to phased updates. The following formal names of specific degrees should always be capitalized in AP style: As you can see, master's degrees are capitalized when abbreviated. Are seasons capitalized or not? Each morning, the sun rises in the east . When the word state forms the full name of a specific body, you must also capitalize it. Thus, we have rigid goldenrod but Missouri goldenrod, azure penstemon but Torrey's penstemon and California penstemon. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the South." If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? Proper nouns - American Psychological Association So, option 2 is correct. Broadly speaking, a region is an area that's divided by: Geographic regions are usually depicted by their not-so-clearly defined, and at times transitory boundaries. These are not governed entities, but they are official designations. Example: "War-weary ministers in London asked themselves why they fought a costly war in the [north] when they had friends in the Carolinas and Georgia.". Sallie Ward, a Southern belle. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Canada, Western European nations and developed parts of Asia; Global Southern countries are those that are less economically developed such as nations in Africa and some parts of Asia [29 . Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Of course, as with other nouns, they should be capitalized at the beginning of sentences and in titles. Therefore, use "Black" and "White" instead of "black" and "white" (do not use colors to refer to other human groups; doing so is considered pejorative). With names of states The same rule applies as with names of nations. The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go north on I-90," then you should keep north lowercase. . The state abbreviations are always in the same format: two letter abbreviations where both letters are uppercase and no periods or spaces between each letter. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '499cbd76-cfa5-4fea-836f-ead06058d874', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); North, East, South or West - Capitalize or Not? Pronouns that refer to any god or gods should be lowercased. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. Common nouns are the names of things. I often have to write north, west in reference to an entrance or exit, for example, the patron exited through the north turnstile. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. If you think southern California has properties which one ordinarily associates with countries or states, or at least you want to convey that this is so, then you should use the capitalization ordinarily used for names of countries or states. Though a direction is a general noun, it could at times be not that straightforward to ascertain whether it's a common noun or a proper noun. Southern, according to a co-author, should not be capitalized because it is an adjective rather than a noun. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. Each state has its own unique shortened name codes used in written documents and mailing addresses. Do you capitalize Southern in southern United States? 2023 Caniry - All Rights Reserved My friend is a southerner. However, the Associated Press Stylebook does not recommend capitals in that case. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. Home-buyers pay a 1.75% fee up . A Little Help with Capitals - Purdue Writing Lab The capitalization of as depends upon its function. Shawn Manaher is the founder and CEO of The Content Authority. Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. You have entered an incorrect email address! the Deep South. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as in the South. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep south lowercase. Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? Another example, "Eastern" in the phrase "Eastern bankers" is capitalized since the word denotes a certain group of people. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. September 18, 2013, at 9:56 pm. Settlers moved into the West. It's not a continent, nor is it a country. This seems a difficult case; as this discussion at. any that aren't articles, conjunctions or prepositions) should be capitalised. The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous Midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Direction-denoting terms such as north, south, east, west, etc. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The sentence reads "I turned on north Bolton." Do You Capitalize Regions When Writing? When & When Not To It only takes a minute to sign up. Hi, Victoria. Otherwise, not. Please include the research youve done. This is known as 'title case'. Do you capitalize north? Do you like West Asia? In the case of prime minister, either both words begin with a capital letter or neither, except, obviously, when it starts a sentence. Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? Most style guides recommend capitalizing "West Coast" when referring to the western seaboard of the U.S. hi, should i capitalize 'west' in 'west Africa' or 'north' in north Africa'? Colorado is part of the Southwest. Most style guides say that compass points and the terms derived from them are lowercased if they just mean direction or location. I studied Pisces, a constellation of the North sky, on a cloudless night. Use the US Postal Services symbol system, which is a two-letter abbreviation that consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are capitalized and no periods are used when giving an address or in tables or other uses where space is limited. Don't capitalize these words when they refer to the general location, geography or climate of a region. Most of the north is sandy, and the northern coast is mountainous. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. I wanted to know how to write Southeast Albania correctly (proof reading). You should only capitalize "east" when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the East" or "in the Middle East". Capitalization - APA Style Citation Guide 7th Edition - Library State names had to be abbreviated to make room for the ZIP code. Hello! One reason partisans capitalize "White" or "Black" is to denote its importance in messages, even subliminally, magnified by lowercasing the "other." As always, we believe that labels can oversimplify, and that a specific description is better. When used as part of a short-form political affiliation, states should also be abbreviated. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? How can I find out which sectors are used by files on NTFS? When Should You Capitalize Geographic Regions in the United States? For example, you would write "the Southern United States," but "the southern way of . Prepositions, such as at, around, by, after, along, for, from, of, on, to, with & without. A recognized geographical region. The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) suggests capitalizing terms like Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner:5. Capitalizing the Word States If a writer refers to the United States and refers to it only as the States, states must be capitalized. That means you should lowercase articles, Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. 6 Does the word federal need to be capitalized? But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. How do I connect these two faces together? However, to, not a dash, should be used when from introduces a range of dates (from 2012 to 2013, not from 2012-13). You should only capitalize directions, such as north, south, east, and west, when you are referring to the direction as a proper noun, such as in the South or up North. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep the direction lowercase. But in other cases, it is more a matter of convention and habit. O needs to be capitalized since it is at the beginning of the sentence, I needs to be capital, Pisces is a specific constellation so it is a proper noun, and likewise North is proper noun. Have you ever visited the Western United States? Unless they are actually part of the place name, directions dont need to be capitalized, but this depends on personal preference (e.g., if it might make this clearer to the reader) and whether its specified by a style guide. Job seekers, Is Pepsi the owner of KFC? As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region . Should 'southern' be capitalized in a sentence such as 'These - Quora What about capitalizing a Westerner or a Westerner? Do I Capitalize Western Blot? - Advansta Inc. To make room for the ZIP Code, state names needed to be abbreviated. 9 Should north southeast and West be capitalized? However, they should be capitalized only in such contexts; names of compass points in sentences such as "I drove southeast for several hours" or "Have you been to any of the southwestern states?" are not capitalized. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. To capitalize or not quoted text after be form, How to handle a hobby that makes income in US. Capitalization Do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, etc., unless the word is part of a formal name. Q. Hello! Hope all that helps! In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. It's all directional | Grammar Party Capitalize names of organizations, institutions, stores, businesses, teams, political parties, and government bodies. Here are directions capitalized in sentences: Words such as "southerner" and "northerner" are usually not capitalized if they denote people. AP Style says it should be capitalized while the Chicago Style Manual says it should be lowercased. But things become tricky once we get down to the details. Should Southern Be Capitalized? - Caniry Are both letters capitalized in state abbreviations? However, there are a few exceptions you should learn about. However, when the terms southerner and northerner refer to people on either side of the United States civil war, the civil war was fought between Southerners and Northerners. Which sentence is capitalized correctly Carlotta? The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. He's one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. Geographic Regions Used as Adjectives A region can be a city, town, village, country, continent, or any area that comes under the jurisdiction or administration of a state. When to Capitalize People's Titles - The Blue Book Of Grammar And If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the southern winds then southern should be lowercase. The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition (2010) has a useful and detailed discussion of this issue. Without capitalization, it could refer to anyone in the southern hemisphere, or perhaps southern England. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. In a June 11 statement, the National Association of Black Journalists issued a recommendation "that whenever a color is used to appropriately describe race then it should be capitalized . At 8.47 ("Popular place names or epithets"), CMOS notes that certain other regions and epithets receive initial caps as well. They are written with capital letters. How do I style geographic terms such as - MLA Style Center Instead, I have compiled a partial list of things people shouldn't capitalize but commonly do anyway. Thus, here are 10 capitalization rules you should know for a well written write-up: Capitalize the first word of every sentence. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Here is part of that discussion: 8.46 Regions of the world and national regions. To Capitalise or Not To Capitalise: A Useful Guide - Proofed Except for England, the other three countries have their own parliaments. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. And "north" in that sentence refers to a direction (i.e., where you turned), not the place (i.e., Bolton Avenue). If the designation is widely known, the "direction" terms are capitalized for instance, "Southern California". But when the words are used in specific contexts, denote people belonging to a particular region, or refer to their social, political, or cultural activities, they are capitalized. Should aurora borealis be capitalized? Explained by Sharing Culture Phil Jamieson Feb 16, 2010 5:00:00 AM. Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. A diathermal wall between two thermodynamic systems in thermodynamics allows heat transfer but does not allow for the transfer of matter across it. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. 'CMOS recognizes that common usage and context determine conventional approaches to capitalization in connection with the treatment of certain terms related to regions.' You should always capitalize Southerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. Words such as one, it, its, its, him, and own should all be capitalized no matter where they appear in a title. If the writer is referring to the United States and calling it just the States, then states needs to be capitalized. The term "region" is a general noun, and it's usually not capitalized, as a result. Of all the various names or terms, direction names could be the trickiest to handle. It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. For example, NY for New York, use the US Postal Services symbol system. Do you capitalize Pacific Northwest? Should global south be capitalized? Should compass directions (i.e., north, south, east, and west) ever be capitalized? To capitalize or not to capitalize "southern" California [duplicate]. The argument I hear is this is a region of the building not a direction, so it should be capitalized. In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. Filed Under: The word god is generally not capitalized if it is used to refer to the generic idea of a deity, nor is it capitalized when it refers to multiple gods. The following examples illustrate not only the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS] but also variations based on context and usage. Wotan is one of the gods in Wagner's Ring Cycle. Should "west coast" be capitalized if it is referring to the western region of the U.S.? When referring to Greek, Roman, and other groups of gods and goddesses, only the name is capitalized. Is south capitalized when referring to Southern states? When to Capitalize North, South, East and West. References to God (s) The word "god" should be capitalized if it is being used as a proper name of a monotheistic god, as in God in Christianity and Judaism. Everyone knows that Southern blot is written with a capital "S". (I have no authority for this opinion, other than my intuition as an English speaker. AP Style states that when referring to the names of a nation, directions should . If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. Clearly, LA, OC, and SD are part of Southern California, but there are a lot of other places that are located in southern California that are not located in Southern California, such as Palm Springs, Salton Sea, Joshua Tree, Blythe, etc. The names of things are known as common nouns. With states, lowercase in most uses: northern New York. When it's an adjective ("bicentennial year"), I agree that no cap is needed . Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? North, East, South or West - Capitalize or Not? - ProofreadNOW.com Guidance to capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. You should always capitalize Westerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. West is directly opposite east. But because it has defined boundaries and administration, it's a "region". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: I live in Southern California. To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. South-Eastern Albania? The official USPS postal abbreviation is this format. In contrast, The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) recommends lowercasing specific U.S. geographic regions used as adjectives:3. Should southern be capitalized? When And When Not To. Is north capitalized there? How should "Northern Europe" be capitalized? If it's a general noun such as a river, lake, ocean, etc., the region need not be capitalized. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Thus people who live in southern California may prefer to write Southern California. For example: The words are also not capitalized if they only indicate locations or the climate or geography of a region. This format is the official USPS postal abbreviation. When referring to races, should 'black' and 'white' be capitalized? (MLA) "The State Finance Department," for example, is a good example. Capitalize the Southern California region? I assume CMOS have done reasonable research before arguing against a rigid insistence on 'the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS]' and have thought carefully before arguing against ignoring authors' strong preferences. Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? Hi there! Coordinate conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet & so (FANBOYS). the East, the North, the South, the West (of a country) northern, southern, eastern, western (parts of a country) , Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. When a database has been given a proper name, capitalize that name, but do not italicize it or place it inside quote marks. 1. Federal or federal? Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the Southern food in Tennessee. When to Capitalize North, South, East and West - Proofed As noted in the post, there's no need to capitalize generic directions (only when they're part of a proper noun). If a is used, go with prime minister.). To summarize the advice above, we suggest: However, capitalization may depend on the style guide youre using. Capitalizing "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). Only a few signs of the zodiac are automatically capitalized (Capricorn, Gemini, Sagittarius, Taurus). You capitalize state only when it follows the name of the state, as in New York State is also called the Empire State, or when its part of a traditional name for a state, like Empire State or Lone Star State. When it precedes the name of the state, dont capitalize the word unless its part of a title of . However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube. For example, "Global is a proper noun." . These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The Chicago Manual of Style. You should only capitalize directions, such as north, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the North.". You would capitalize "Southern" when referring to the people, or their culture, politics, or social activities, e.g., Southern hospitality, Southern cuisine, Southern accents. Capitalize proper nounsand adjectives derived from proper nouns. Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN. Is south and Southern capitalized? - TimesMojo The word white is not usually capitalized in this situation; men would never be. Capital offenses - The Daily Californian Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? Is South capitalized when talking about the Civil War? After all, it was named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, and therefore the use of the capital is justified. 'I have no authority for this opinion, other than my intuition as an English speaker.' Unless the direction is part of the country's actual name, it remains lowercased. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. But when the term is used in a formal name, it's capitalized, as in "the Hudson River". proofreading, When Do You Capitalize Geographic Terms? - dummies ), Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. They live in the western part of the country. Western (and Northern) blots however, were not named after inventors but were given these names in honor of . As a result, noun will always be the first capital letter. Should southern states be capitalized? - TipsFolder.com In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. University Editorial Style Guidelines - Santa Clara University However, some people also suggest capitalizing the names of: The uniting theme here is the idea of naming a well-known or well-defined region. As explained in the post, there is no need to capitalize these words when used generically (only when they're part of a proper noun). In June 1963, the Department provided an initial list of abbreviations, but many had only three or four letters, which were still too long. When proofreading or editing documents, we often find that writers are confused about when to capitalize these terms. However, widely known designations are capitalized: the Upper East Side, Southern California.
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